1. Adams, Hoelscher, and Till, Eds. Textures of Place: Exploring Humanist Geographies. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2001)
2. Anderson, Michael. “’You Have to Get Inside the Person’ Or Making Grief Private: Image and Metaphor in the Therapeutic Reconstruction of Bereavement” in Facing Death: Grief, Mourning, and Ritual, (Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2001)
3. “Art in the Contested City.” November 3rd, 2006. Pratt Institute. Program
4. Atlas, Caron. “Culture and Community Development: Tough Questions, Creative Answers.” Progressive Planning: The Magazine of Planners Network. no 165
5. Bell, William. Personal Interview. February 11th, 2007.
6. Bertman, Sandra L., Ed. Grief and the Healing Arts: Creativity as Therapy. (New York: Baywood Publishing Co., 1999)
7. C100. The Art of Rebellion. Ginko Press: 2005.
8. Cresswell, Tim. In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
9. Cooper, Martha, and Chalfant, Henry. Subway Art. (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1984)
10. Cooper, Martha, and Sciorra, Joseph. RIP Memorial Wall Art. Thames and Hudson: 1994.
11. Cooper, Martha, Email Interview.
12. Delgado, Melvin. Death at an Early Age and the Urban Scene: The Case for Memorial Murals and Community Healing. (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2003).
13. Delgado, Melvin, Phone Interview March 7th, 2007.
14. Disaster Center online at http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nycrime.htm
15. Ebersole, Gary L., “The Function of Ritual Weeping Revisited: Affective Expression and Moral Discourse.” History of Religions, Vol. 39, No 3. (Feb., 2000) found on JSTOR.
16. Ferrell, Jeff. Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy. Palgrave: 2001.
17. Ganz, Nicholas. Graffiti World: Street Art from Five Continents. HNA: 2004.
18. Gonzalez, Evelyn Diaz. The Bronx. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004)
19. Hebrew Glossary online at http://www.headcoverings-by-devorah.com/HebglossSh.html
20. Hijiya, James A., “American Gravestones and Attitudes Toward Death: A Brief History.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 127, No. % (Oct 14, 1983) found on JSTOR
21. Howarth, Glennys. “Grieving in Public” in Facing Death: Grief, Mourning, and Ritual, (Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2001)
22. Ivy, Marilyn. “Ghostly Epiphanies: Recalling the Dead on Mount Osore,” in Discourses of the Vanishing: Modernity, Phantasm, Japan. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995)
16. Justice and the City. Map. Spatial Information Design Lab. New York: The Architectural League, 2006)
23. Monteko, Remy. “Fuel for Dissidence Running Low: Graffiti’s Evolution into the Mainstream.” (New York: Barnard College, Proxy Magazine, 2007)
24. Paul 107. All City: The Book About Taking Space. ECW Press: 2003.
25. Mack, Tara, Personal Interview March 28th, 2007
26. Newman, Kathe, and Wyly, Elvin. “Gentrification and Resistance in New York City.” National Housing Institute Report, Issue no 142, July/August, 2005 found at http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/142/gentrification.html
27. Newsweek online at http://www.newsday.com/news/local/am-shoot1126-gallery,0,1285473.photogallery?index=161
28. New York City Mortality data found at http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/stats/stats-mortality.shtml
29. New York City Police Department data gathered from www.nyc.gov/planning
30. New York Times Online at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/15/nyregion/15shooting.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FPeople%2FB%2FBell%2C%20Sean
31. Not Bored Online at http://www.notbored.org/die.jpg
32. NY Touch online at www.nytouch.com/ FrontPage%20Archive%20VII.htm
33. October 22nd Coalition to Stop Police Brutality, Repression, and the Criminalization of a Generation. Handout from meeting, December 11th, 2006.
34. October 22nd Coalition. Stolen Lives: Killed by Law Enforcement. Second Edition. Stolen Lives Project, 1999.
35. PBS Online at http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov1997/jessesgone/works/anthony_hilton/anthony_hilton.html
36. Revolution newspaper, December 10th, 2006
37. Summary of Vital Statistics for the City of New York, Published by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 1996.
38. The Village Voice online at http://www.villagevoice.com/gallery/0702,0702_gardiner,75524,3.html?pic=6&total=10 and http://www.villagevoice.com/gallery/0702,0702_gardiner,75524,3.html?pic=5&total=10
39. Warren, Personal Interview December 14th, 2006.
40. Zephyr, “The Scrawl of the Wild.” Folk Art: Magazine of the American Folk Art Museum. Fall 2006.
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This is a draft and by no means in its final form. I am uncomfortable with posting this research and my thoughts on it, but i am more uncomfortable with NOT posting it. The site is under constant improvement.
Memorial murals are symptoms of city and private sector disinvestment. For scholars and community members alike, the walls humanize victims of ghettoization caused by the legacy of institutionally discriminatory planning, policies, and practices. For non-community members like myself, the walls contextualize urban statistics and theories on death, violence, and inner-city decay. But for people who live amongst the walls, memorial murals re-write space and history. By bringing memories forward and having them fade again, memorial murals mirror life in that they have a birth and a death of their own. This blog is about the life and death of memories themselves. Memorial murals resurrect the absent and, by so doing, blur the distinction between existence and representation. My blog attempts to uncover the power behind the paint.
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